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Viral Inactivation Procedures3. Viral Inactivation ProceduresSafe blood products* Source plasma - Voluntary donor only - Plasmapheresis programme * Screen all units * Test each batch * Follow good manufacturing practice (GMP) * Viral inactivation steps * Test report of imported blood product Virucidal methods Commercial plasma products - FVIII, FIX, etc. * Heat treatment * Chemical treatment * Ultra-violet (UV) irradiation Cellulur components * Leucofilteration * Photo-sensitizing dyes e.g. psoralen with UV light, merocyanine 540 or methylene blue with visible light. Fresh frozen plasma * Photo-dynamic therapy Voluntary donors can be a safe source of plasma for preparation of blood products. Supplementation of donor plasmapheresis programme will help in augmenting the supply of safe source of plasma. It is important to screen all units of plasma before pooling. Adopting good manufacturing practices and testing and batch of blood products for viral workers will further enhance the supply of the safe blood products. Viral inactivation procedures Viral inactivation procedures are popularly employed for commercial plasma products e.g. FVIII, FIX, etc. These are the 3rd line of defence for safe blood supply as few donors may not have seroconverted or may have been immunodeficient, hence, no antibodies may be detected while they may be carriers of infection. Commercial plasma products Plasma products may be inactivated by heat treatment at 800C for 72 hours which destroys HIV, HBV & HCV. Chemical solvent / detergent method and ultraviolet irradiation may also be used for viral inactivation. Cellular components For last few years, blood sterilization procedures have also been applied to cellular blood components without any significant damaging effects on these. It has been seen in various studies that effective leucodepletion method (95-99%) using 3rd generation filters with effective adsorption of white cells can significantly reduce the risk of transmission of cell associated viruses e.g. CMV, HTLV-1, HTLV,II, and HIV. Another virucidal approach has been photodynamic therapy which inactivates envelope viruses by using photosensitizing dyes e.g. psoralen with ultraviolet light, merocyanine 540 or methylene blue with visible light. Fresh frozen plasma The photodynamic therapy has been effectively used for viral inactivation of fresh frozen plasma also
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